==== Gateway 2중화 ====
1. HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol)
2. VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)
3. GLBP (Gateway Load-Balancing Protocol)
==============HSRP (default setting)=============
R1
interface fa0/0 (Active router)
ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
standby 1 ip 1.1.1.250
standby 1 priority 150
R2
interface fa0/0 (Standby router)
ip address 1.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
standby 1 ip 1.1.1.250
standby 1 priority 100
=================HSRP===================
active 1
standby 1
224.0.0.2
show ip arp (mac,ip address mapping table)
show standby brief
debug standby events
interface vlan 10
ip address 172.16.10.32 255.255.255.0
standby 1 priority 150 (default 100) (1 ~ 255)
standby 1 ip 172.16.10.110
standby 1 preempt
standby 1 timers 5 15 (default hello 3sec hold 10 sec)
standby 1 track serial 0 50
standby 1 timers msec 200 msec 750
standby 1 preempt delay minimum 180
=====Multiple HSRP Group(on the same segment)======
sw1
interface vlan 10
ip address 172.16.10.32 255.255.255.0
standby 1 priority 150
standby 1 ip 172.16.10.110
standby 2 priority 50
standby 2 ip 172.16.10.120
sw2
interface vlan 10
ip address 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.0
standby 1 priority 50
standby 1 ip 172.16.10.110
standby 2 priority 150
standby 2 ip 172.16.10.120
========Multiple HSRP Group(different ip subnet)========
sw1
interface vlan 10
ip address 172.16.10.32 255.255.255.0
standby 1 priority 150
standby 1 ip 172.16.10.110
interface vlan 20
ip address 172.16.20.32 255.255.255.0
standby 1 priority 50
standby 1 ip 172.16.20.120
sw2
interface vlan 10
ip address 172.16.10.33 255.255.255.0
standby 1 priority 50
standby 1 ip 172.16.10.110
interface vlan 20
ip address 172.16.20.33 255.255.255.0
standby 1 priority 150
standby 1 ip 172.16.20.120
===================VRRP=====================
master
backup
224.0.0.18
interface vlan 10
ip address 172.16.10.32 255.255.255.0
vrrp 10 ip 10.1.10.1
vrrp 10 priority 150
vrrp 10 timers advertise 4 (default 1sec skew time)
=vrrp skew time=
(256-priority/256)
B의경우 (256-200)/256 = 0.2sec total 3.2
C의경우 (256-100)/256 = 0.6sec total 3.6
===================GLBP=======================
AVG=active virtual gateway
AVF=active virtual forwarder
224.0.0.102
interface vlan 10
ip address 172.16.10.32 255.255.255.0
glbp 7 ip 10.1.7.1
glbp 7 priority 150 (default 100)
glbp 7 timers msec 250 msec 750 (default hello 3sec hold 10 sec)
========== Debug standby event (협상 단계) ============
*Mar 1 00:33:35.239: HSRP: Fa0/0 API 10.1.1.254 is not an HSRP address
*Mar 1 00:33:35.243: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Disabled -> Init
*Mar 1 00:33:35.247: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" state Disabled -> Init
*Mar 1 00:33:43.651: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
*Mar 1 00:33:45.267: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface up
*Mar 1 00:33:45.271: HSRP: Fa0/0 Starting minimum interface delay (1 secs)
*Mar 1 00:33:46.271: HSRP: Fa0/0 Interface min delay expired
*Mar 1 00:33:46.271: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Init: a/HSRP enabled
*Mar 1 00:33:46.275: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Init -> Listen
*Mar 1 00:33:46.279: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" state Init -> Backup
*Mar 1 00:33:47.899: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Active router is 10.1.1.1
*Mar 1 00:33:56.275: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Listen: d/Standby timer expired (unknown)
*Mar 1 00:33:56.279: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Listen -> Speak
*Mar 1 00:33:56.279: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" state Backup -> Speak
*Mar 1 00:34:06.275: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Speak: d/Standby timer expired (unknown)
*Mar 1 00:34:06.279: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Standby router is local
*Mar 1 00:34:06.279: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:34:06.279: %HSRP-5-STATECHANGE: FastEthernet0/0 Grp 1 state Speak -> Standby
*Mar 1 00:34:06.283: HSRP: Fa0/0 Grp 1 Redundancy "hsrp-Fa0/0-1" state Speak -> Standby